Cows

After Delivery

Once the calf has been delivered--whether normally or through assistance--check the cow for multiple calves by either palpation or bumping. There are many large twin calves. Evaluate whether or not the cow has expelled her placenta. Often, cows will release the placenta immediately after calving. If not she needs to be observed until it is expelled. Placing a mark on a cow or heifer that had calving difficulty or other problems, can be helpful for more careful observation in the fresh pen. Check for tears in the vagina and render any first aid that may be needed. Occasionally, a cow or heifer may tear the major blood vessel in the vagina and can easily bleed to death.

Follow any routine processing procedures outlined in the standard operating procedure for your dairy. This may include giving oxytocin, calcium, supportive care, or marking a fresh date on her hip. Once this is done, return the cow to a clean dry area to rest with access to fresh water and feed.

Calf care at this time is also very important. Immediately after extraction or as soon as possible after the cow has calved, assess the calf for an open airway. Remove any placenta or material from its mouth. Although one commonly used method is to lift the calf upside down to remove mucous from its airways, this puts unnecessary pressure on the newborn's chest and lungs making it more difficult for the animal to breath. If there is going to be an attempt to improve respiration, the use of stimulants such as dopram or administering air with a mask will do more for the calf.

Research indicates that a calf who has difficulty breathing at calving or is stressed during the birthing process may have a decreased ability to absorb colostrum. This makes gentle manipulation and handling even more important. The calf should receive a minimum of two quarts of high quality colostrum as soon after birth as possible. After six hours the ability to absorb colostrum rapidly decreases. (Further discussion of calf care will be provided later in this series.) Be certain to dip the entire navel with 7% iodine (tincture). Move the calf to a clean dry comfortable environment.

The importance of excellent maternity care cannot be over-stressed. Essential components are meticulous observation, providing a clean dry calving area, careful evaluation and gentle assistance. Too many cows end up getting culled from mistakes that are made during this phase of the cow's life. To assure that good maternity care is a priority on your dairy, review these topics with your personnel.